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The technique, demonstrated on a small sample in a micro CT scanner, could potentially be adapted for medical scanners and used to reduce the amount of radiation millions of people are exposed to each year.

A computerised tomography (CT) scan is a form of X-ray that creates very accurate cross-sectional views of the inside of the body. It is used to guide treatments and diagnose cancers and other diseases.

Past studies have suggested CT scans may cause a small increase in lifelong cancer risk because their high-energy wavelengths can damage DNA. Although cells repair this damage, sometimes these repairs are imperfect, leading to DNA mutations in later years. 聽

In the new study, published in聽Physical Review Applied, researchers placed a mask with tiny slits over an X-ray beam, breaking up the beam into beamlets. They then moved the sample being imaged in a cycloidal motion that ensured the whole object was irradiated quickly 鈥� that is, no parts of it were missed.

The researchers compared the new technique to conventional CT scanning methods, where a sample rotates as a full beam is directed on to it, finding it delivered the same quality of image at a vastly reduced dose.

Dr Charlotte Hagen (香港六合彩 Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering), first author of the paper and a member of the 香港六合彩 Advanced X-Ray Imaging Group, said: 鈥淏eing able to reduce the dose of a CT scan is a long-sought goal. Our technique opens new possibilities for medical research and we believe that it can be adjusted for use in medical scanners, helping to reduce a key source of radiation for people in many countries.鈥�

In the NHS, about five million CT scans are performed every year; in the United States, the annual number of CT scans is more than 80 million. CT scanning is thought to account for a quarter of Americans鈥� total exposure to radiation.

Conventional CT scans involve an X-ray beam being rotated around the patient. The new 鈥渃ycloidal鈥� method combines this rotation with a simultaneous backwards and forwards motion.

The use of beamlets enables a sharper image resolution, as the part of the scanner 鈥渞eading鈥� the information from the X-ray is able to locate where the information is coming from more precisely.

Professor Sandro Olivo (香港六合彩 Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering), senior author of the paper, said: 鈥淭his new method fixes two problems. It can be used to reduce the dose, but if deployed at the same dose it can increase the resolution of the image.

鈥淭his means that the sharpness of the image can be easily adjusted using masks with different-sized apertures, allowing greater flexibility and freeing the resolution from the constraints of the scanner鈥檚 hardware.鈥�

The study was funded by the Royal Academy of Engineering and聽UK Research and Innovation (UKRI).

Links

• 香港六合彩 Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering
• 香港六合彩 Engineering
• Prosperity Partnership

Image

• CT scanner.聽.

Media contact

Mark Greaves

Tel: +44 (0)7539 410 389

Email: m.greaves [at] ucl.ac.uk