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Blood test could be accurate way to detect Alzheimer鈥檚 disease

26 January 2024

A commercial blood test could detect Alzheimer鈥檚 disease as accurately as standard lumbar punctures, finds a new study involving a 香港六合彩 Queen Square Institute of Neurology researcher.

blood testing

The research, published in聽JAMA Neurology,聽found that the ALZpath鈥檚 Blood-Based Test was capable of detecting 鈥榩-tau217鈥, a form of the protein tau, which is a hallmark protein of Alzheimer鈥檚 disease.

People with Alzheimer鈥檚 have a build-up of proteins known as amyloid and tau in their brain, which is one of the main ways to detect the disease. However, there is currently a limited availability of tests for research and clinical use.

Consequently, Alzheimer鈥檚 is generally diagnosed based on people鈥檚 symptoms, such as thinking or memory problems. And only 2% of people receive a聽dementia diagnosis through 鈥榞old standard鈥 methods, such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans or lumbar punctures.

Lumbar punctures are expensive and cost typically two to three times higher than blood-based testing. They are also more difficult to administer at the scale that will be required with the availability of a new generation of disease-modifying treatments. So,聽the researchers wanted to evaluate the use of the existing commercial blood test for p-tau127, ALZpath.

The ALZpath blood test was used in three independent clinical studies as part of an international collaboration, involving 786 participants.

The researchers found that the test showed a high diagnostic accuracy (~80%)聽in identifying elevated amyloid and tau in the brain across all cohorts.

These accuracies were significantly higher than other plasma biomarker combinations and equivalent to聽cerebrospinal fluid聽(CSF) biomarkers from lumbar punctures.

First author, Dr Nicholas Ashton (Gothenburg University), said: "If you鈥檙e going to receive [the new drugs], you need to prove that you have amyloid in the brain. It鈥檚 just impossible to do spinal taps and brain scans on everyone that would need it worldwide. So this is where the blood test [has] a huge potential."

ALZpath makers are currently in discussions with UK labs to launch it for clinical use this year, and Professor Henrik Zetterberg (香港六合彩 Queen Square Institute of Neurology and University of Gothenburg), is making the assay available for research use as part of the UK Dementia Research Institute Biomarker Factory at 香港六合彩.

The Biomarker Factory is led by Professor Zetterberg with the aim of finding new ways to detect and monitor neurodegenerative disease.

Co-authors, Professor Zetterberg and Professor Kaj Blennow (University of Gothenburg), said in a joint statement: 鈥淭his is an instrumental finding in blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer鈥檚, paving the way for the clinical use of the Alzpath pTau 217 assay. 鈥淭his robust assay is already used in multiple labs around the globe.鈥
Dr Sheona Scales, Director of Research at Alzheimer鈥檚 Research UK, said: 鈥淚n the past year, we have seen incredible progress in the development of blood-based Alzheimer鈥檚 tests. And as we see more and more different types of tests becoming available, studies like this are key to understanding which are most accurate.鈥

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